Explain the difference between simple diffusion across a membrane, facilitated diffusion, and active transport. (Short answer)
Simple diffusion is the most basic form of membrane transport. It is a passive process that occurs when molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration down their respective concentration gradients. This type of diffusion does not require energy and happens spontaneously, due to the natural kinetic energy found in particles, which leads to random collisions among them and thus movement across the membrane. Simple diffusion can be used for both hydrophilic (water-loving) or hydrophobic (water-hating) molecules. The rate at which simple diffusion takes place depends on several factors including temperature, molecular size, and membrane permeability.
Facilitated diffusion is another form of passive membrane transport that differs from simple diffusion because it requires specific proteins embedded in the lipid bilayer or plasma membrane to help facilitate movement across it. Since there are no energy requirements associated with this type of transport, this makes it more efficient than active transport processes as well as less costly energetically speaking since no ATP is needed (ATP stands for Adenosine Triphosphate). This process also moves solutes down their respective concentrations gradient meaning that molecules still go from high to low concentrations but now they are able to use these special proteins called transporters as “shortcuts” so they can reach their destination more quickly and efficiently than before without having to wait until enough kinetic energy builds up between particles in order for them random collide and initiate movement. Examples of substances commonly transported via facilitated diffusions include sugar glucose, some amino acids such as leucine and serine, water, chloride ions etc..
Explain the difference between simple diffusion across a membrane, facilitated diffusion, and active transport. (Short answer)
Active transport involves using energy obtained from cellular respiration such as ATP in order for solutes/molecules move against their natural concentration gradient meaning upwards instead downwards like simple & facilitated diffusions would do. Active transports rely on pumps or carriers within the cell membranes that utilize either direct mechanical force or chemical gradients generated by hydrolysis reactions (the splitting up water molecule into hydrogen & oxygen atoms) so that even if there aren’t any available pathways through which materials could enter/exit cells actively creates one since pumps continuously cycle material through them until equilibrium has been reached where both sides have equal amounts electrochemical potentials on each side thus allowing movements both ways simultaneously making active transports bidirectional unlike its counterparts above mentioned who only take place unidirectionally downward towards areas lower concentrations then theirs respectively before reaching equilibrium point whereas active tansports breakthrough this limitation by working opposite direction inward towards regions higher concentrations then initial state under certain circumstances i..e when proper types pump proteins present located along inner walls mitochondrial fractions engage triggering ATP hydrolytic reactions which release stored energies within bonds separating two component atoms thereby initiating movements against original direction taken previously promote maximum efficiency throughout entire process
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