Describe the composition of the different macromolecules that make up the human body and their function inside the cell ( Proteins, Nucleic Acids, Lipids, and Carbohydrates)

The human body is composed of many different macromolecules that are essential for its proper functioning. These macromolecules include proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and carbohydrates. Each type of molecule has a unique structure and function within the cell.

Proteins are long chains of amino acid subunits joined together by peptide bonds to form a polypeptide backbone. Proteins can have hundreds or even thousands of amino acids in their sequence which gives them an immense variety of structures and functions. They play a vital role in almost all aspects of cellular function including providing structure, transporting molecules, participating in metabolic reactions, recognizing foreign substances (antigens) and regulating gene expression. Examples of proteins include enzymes, hormones, antibodies and structural proteins such as collagen and actin.

Nucleic acids are linear polymers made up of repeating units called nucleotides that contain a nitrogenous base (adenine, guanine cytosine or thymine), a five-carbon sugar (deoxyribose in DNA or ribose in RNA) and one or more phosphate groups attached to the sugar ring. Nucleic acids provide genetic information that determines the characteristics inherited from parents to offspring; they also control production of proteins through processes known as transcription and translation where instructions encoded on DNA are turned into actual protein molecules used by cells for their physiological functions.

Describe the composition of the different macromolecules that make up the human body and their function inside the cell ( Proteins, Nucleic Acids, Lipids, and Carbohydrates)

Lipids consist mainly fatty acid chains with various hydrophilic headgroups attached at the end to modify their properties depending on what needs they fulfill inside cells such as energy storage or formation of cell membranes. Lipids can be found both inside cells –where they contribute to intracellular signaling pathways– as well as outside cells forming part of extracellular matrices important for cell adhesion among others things.. Fatty acid tails provide rigidity which helps maintaining membrane integrity while other components like phospholipids impart fluidity allowing certain molecules to pass through them with ease under particular conditions; besides this lipids also store energy reserves for later use by the organism when needed most..

Carbohydrates are organic compounds composed mainly carbon atoms bonded together with oxygen atoms forming ring structures such residues connected in chains usually held together by glycosidic linkages making up complex branched architectures often referred simply as “sugars”; although there exist many types carbohydrates found naturally some examples include monosaccharides like glucose fructose galactose etc.; disaccharides like sucrose lactose maltose etc.; oligosaccharides consisting three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty-one twenty-two twenty-three etc.; finally large polysaccharides like starch cellulose chitin glycogen etc.; carbohydrates serve many purposes ranging from being structural support material providing strength flexibility protection against environmental factors pH variations temperature shock etc., but also playing key roles during metabolic processes either providing energy directly when broken down releasing energy stored earlier during photosynthesis process meaning plants animals fungi bacteria humans alike need carbohydrate rich diet order survive have enough fuel available perform activities life requires us too normally without having resorting starvation tactics our bodies would otherwise impose upon us time crisis come

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